When considering the influential figures in American theater, many people immediately think of renowned playwrights such as Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller, whose works have left an indelible mark on the stage. However, it is essential to also acknowledge the significant contributions of Robert E. Sherwood, a playwright whose creations delve into profound themes of human struggle and social justice. Sherwood’s works not only reflect the complexities of the human experience but also address pressing societal issues that resonate with audiences even today. In this article, we will explore the life of Robert E. Sherwood, examine his notable plays, and discuss the lasting impact he had on both American theater and the political landscape of his time. Through this exploration, we aim to shed light on Sherwood’s unique voice and the relevance of his work in contemporary discussions surrounding justice and humanity.
Early Life and Education
Born to Create
Robert E. Sherwood entered the world on April 4, 1896, in the picturesque town of New Rochelle, New York. Even as a child, he exhibited a remarkable talent for creativity, yet his academic path was fraught with challenges. At Milton Academy, he faced significant difficulties, and his struggles continued at Harvard University, where he notably flunked a rhetoric course. Despite these setbacks, Sherwood discovered his true passion in the realm of humor. He became an active contributor to the Harvard Lampoon, a prestigious humor magazine, and joined the ranks of the Hasty Pudding Club, where he honed his comedic skills and began to carve out a niche for himself in the literary world.
Military Service
In 1917, as the world was engulfed in the chaos of World War I, Sherwood made the courageous decision to leave his studies behind and enlist in the Canadian Black Watch Battalion. His time in the military was transformative, as he faced the harsh realities of war firsthand. One of the most harrowing experiences was being gassed in France, an event that left a lasting impact on his psyche. These experiences not only shaped his worldview but also deeply influenced his later writing, infusing it with a sense of realism and emotional depth that resonated with readers.
Career Beginnings
From Journalism to Playwriting
Following the tumultuous years of the war, Sherwood made a significant career shift, moving into the realm of journalism. He took on the role of drama editor for the prestigious magazine Vanity Fair, where he honed his skills in critiquing and analyzing theatrical works. His journey in journalism continued as he became the editor for the well-known humor magazine Life. During this vibrant period, Sherwood had the unique opportunity to socialize and collaborate with some of the most influential literary figures of the time, including the sharp-witted Dorothy Parker and the humorous Robert Benchley. Their gatherings at the famed Algonquin Round Table were not only intellectually stimulating but also served as a rich source of inspiration for his future creative endeavors.
First Steps in Playwriting
In 1927, Sherwood took his first bold step into the world of playwriting with the debut of his play, The Road to Rome. This work marked a pivotal moment in his career, as it initiated his deep exploration of the futility of war—a theme that would resonate throughout his subsequent works. Through this play, Sherwood began to articulate his thoughts on the absurdities and tragedies of conflict, setting the stage for a body of work that would challenge audiences to reflect on the consequences of war and the human experience.
Major Works and Themes
Exploring Human Problems Through Sherwood’s Lens
Throughout his illustrious career, playwright Robert E. Sherwood consistently engaged with intricate social and political issues that resonated deeply with audiences. His characters often found themselves wrestling with profound cynicism and the moral quandaries that defined their era. In this exploration, we will delve into some of Sherwood’s most significant works, each of which offers a unique perspective on the human experience and the challenges individuals face in their quest for meaning and understanding.
The Petrified Forest (1935)
In “The Petrified Forest,” Sherwood introduces us to a cast of characters who initially embody a sense of detachment and cynicism. However, as the narrative unfolds, these individuals embark on a transformative journey that leads them to discover the profound significance of sacrifice. This play serves as a poignant commentary on the human condition, highlighting the universal search for purpose and the ways in which individuals can find redemption through selflessness.
Idiot’s Delight (1936)
In “Idiot’s Delight,” Sherwood once again tackles the themes of disillusionment and the absurdity of war. The play presents a vivid portrayal of how individuals can transcend their dire circumstances, ultimately revealing the resilience of the human spirit. Through sharp dialogue and compelling characters, Sherwood invites audiences to reflect on the impact of conflict and the potential for personal growth amidst chaos.
Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1939)
This Pulitzer Prize-winning play offers a nuanced and multifaceted depiction of Abraham Lincoln, focusing on the internal conflicts faced by a man torn between his own safety and the greater good of society. Sherwood’s portrayal emphasizes Lincoln’s moral dilemmas and the weight of leadership during tumultuous times, making it a timeless exploration of integrity and sacrifice.
There Shall Be No Night (1941)
In “There Shall Be No Night,” Sherwood delves into the intricate moral complexities associated with war. The play illustrates how a commitment to pacifism can inspire individuals to take decisive action in the face of injustice. Through its thought-provoking narrative, Sherwood challenges audiences to consider the ethical implications of their choices and the responsibilities that come with standing up for what is right.
Impact on American Theater
Founding the Playwrights’ Company
In 1938, Sherwood co-founded the Playwrights’ Company with notable contemporaries like Maxwell Anderson and Elmer Rice. This collective aimed to produce significant American plays, further solidifying his influence in the theater world.
Transition to Politics
His play about Lincoln led to a significant connection with Eleanor Roosevelt, which ultimately opened doors for him in the political arena. Sherwood became a speechwriter and adviser for President Franklin D. Roosevelt, helping to shape public discourse during a tumultuous time in American history.
Legacy and Recognition
Award-Winning Contributions
In addition to his Pulitzer Prize, Sherwood won an Academy Award for his screenplay of The Best Years of Our Lives (1946). This film, which dealt with the challenges faced by returning veterans, further showcased his ability to blend art with social commentary.
Later Years and Decline
After World War II, Sherwood’s theatrical output diminished, but his earlier works continued to resonate. He passed away on November 14, 1955, leaving behind a rich legacy of thought-provoking theater.
Robert E. Sherwood was more than just a playwright; he was a voice for the voiceless, a critic of war, and a champion of human rights. His works remind us that theater can be a powerful medium for social change. So, the next time you sit down to enjoy a play, think about the profound impact that writers like Sherwood have had on the art form.
Table: Key Works of Robert E. Sherwood
| Title | Year | Theme |
|---|---|---|
| The Road to Rome | 1927 | Futility of War |
| The Petrified Forest | 1935 | Search for Meaning |
| Idiot’s Delight | 1936 | Disillusionment |
| Abe Lincoln in Illinois | 1939 | Moral Dilemmas |
| There Shall Be No Night | 1941 | Pacifism and Action |
| The Best Years of Our Lives | 1946 | Veterans’ Struggles |
